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The kingpin is the
main pivot in the
steering mechanism of
a car or other
vehicle. Originally
this was literally a
steel pin on which the
moveable, steer able
wheel was mounted to
the suspension. Free
to rotate on a single
axis, it limited the
degrees of freedom of
motion of the rest of
the front suspension.
When its bearings were
replaced starting in
the 1950s by ball
joints, more
complicated suspension
designs became
available to
designers. No longer
restricted to moving
like a pin, the part
was not necessarily
still called a king
pin; but in newer
designs, the term may
be used not for an
actual pin but the
axis around which the
steered wheels pivot.
The nipple at the
front of a
semi-trailer to
connect to a fifth
wheel coupling is also
known as a king pin.
The king pin is set at
an angle relative to
the face of the wheel,
as viewed from the
front or back of the
vehicle. This is the
kingpin inclination.
